On December 22, 2021, the Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the China Agricultural Ecological Environmental Protection Association announced the list of the first batch of ecological farms in the country, and a total of 132 production entities won the title of "ecological farms". After the release of the list, what is an ecological farm and why it is necessary to build an ecological farm has become a hot spot of social concern. Longze Yunong Organic Agriculture (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and other first batch of subjects to obtain the title of ecological farms welcomed a large number of people visiting, studying or visiting during the "two festivals" which coincided with the New Year's Day and the Spring Festival.
One month after the release of the list, at the end of January 2022, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of Ecological Farms", pointing out that promoting the construction of ecological farms is an important measure to implement Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, and explore effective paths for agricultural modernization. A powerful tool to promote the green development of agriculture. By 2025, through scientific evaluation, follow-up monitoring and guidance services, build 1,000 national-level ecological farms across the country, and drive the construction of 10,000 local ecological farms in various provinces.
1 From big concept to small farm focus
What is an eco-farm and how is an eco-farm assessed? Why is the construction of ecological farms quickly put on the important agenda of realizing agricultural modernization? According to the statement in the guidance of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, ecological farms are based on ecological principles, follow the principles of integrity, coordination, circulation, regeneration, and diversity, through overall design and rational construction, to obtain maximum sustainable yield, while achieving resource matching and environmental friendliness. , the main body of agricultural production and operation of food safety.
It can be seen from the above description that although the name "farm" does not only refer to the agricultural operation form of farm, but refers to a variety of agricultural operation entities that carry out agricultural production in accordance with relevant principles.
Xu Zhiyu, director of the Agricultural Ecology Department of the Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, told reporters that as a branch of ecology, the concept of ecological agriculture was first proposed by the Germans, and gradually spread to my country after it was popularized in Europe. As a relatively advanced concept of sustainable agricultural development, my country has also carried out a series of ecological agriculture demonstration bases and the construction of demonstration counties and cities since the 1990s, and gradually explored the way to develop ecological agriculture.
In 2016, the China Agricultural Ecological Environment Protection Association, the Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and China Agricultural University, Northeast Agricultural University, Zhejiang University, and South China Agricultural University conducted a nationwide survey on the development of ecological agriculture. "At that time, we discussed that since we want to conduct on-the-spot research, we should seize some subjects with clear and clear boundaries, so we decided to focus on enterprises engaged in agricultural production." Xu Zhiyu said, based on the content of this survey, the "China Ecological "Farm Case Investigation Report", the report focuses on the prevention and control of non-point source pollution and agricultural clean production, takes ecological farms as the research object, formulates questionnaires, and organizes special investigations; Model, etc., analyze the development prospects of ecological farms in my country, and put forward policy recommendations for non-point source pollution prevention and control and agricultural clean production with ecological farms as the implementation unit.
Xu Zhiyu is one of the authors of the report. He said: "The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to implement the rural revitalization strategy, build a modern agricultural industrial system, production system and management system, improve the agricultural support and protection system, develop various forms of moderate scale operations, and cultivate and develop new types of agricultural business entities. In 2018, the Central Document No. 1 made a comprehensive deployment for the in-depth implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, especially the requirements for the quality of agricultural development and the green development of rural areas. Under such a new situation, the development status and existing problems of ecological farms should be carried out. A nationwide study is necessary to guide its healthy and orderly development. Our survey report was officially published in 2018."
It is precisely the situation of this investigation that experts from the competent departments and scientific research institutions have a clearer understanding of the development of ecological agriculture in my country, and also strengthens their confidence in further promoting the construction of ecological farms in my country. Soon, the leaders and experts of the research group proposed that a set of technical standards should be established to evaluate ecological farms. Therefore, the China Agricultural Ecological Environment Protection Association, the Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and China Agricultural University, Northeast Agricultural University, Zhejiang University, South China Agricultural University, etc., were drafted again, and proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The industry standard of "Technical Specifications for Ecological Farm Evaluation" has been formulated. Released in July 2020 and officially implemented on November 1, 2020.
2 Evaluation landing Strict and meticulous standards
Based on the "Technical Specifications for Ecological Farm Evaluation", the Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the China Association of Agricultural Ecological Environmental Protection will organize and carry out the evaluation pilot work of ecological farms in 2021.
At the same time as the first pilot work of ecological farm evaluation was carried out, relevant policies at the national level were released one after another, taking the cultivation and evaluation of ecological farms as an important starting point to promote the green transformation of agriculture and lead the healthy and efficient development of national ecological agriculture. The national "14th Five-Year" National Agricultural Green Development Plan, "14th Five-Year" Circular Economy Development Plan and other documents clearly pointed out that it is necessary to "build a number of ecological farms" and "promote the construction of ecological farms". Therefore, in 2021, we will take the lead in developing a number of ecological farms with demonstration and leading roles in the "Yangtze River Delta" region and some key regions. It aims to build a group of modern and efficient ecological agriculture industry entities in the country during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, relying on the evaluation of ecological farms, cultivate a group of new ecological agricultural management talents, summarize a number of ecological agricultural technology models, and explore the construction of agricultural ecological compensation. system to promote the healthy and sustainable development of national ecological cycle agriculture.
Xu Zhiyu said that since it is the first time to carry out the evaluation of ecological farms, this evaluation focuses on the "Yangtze River Delta" region and takes into account other regions, because the natural conditions and economic development of these regions are more conducive to the cultivation and evaluation of ecological farms. In addition, the development and scale of new agricultural management entities in this region are relatively good, and the work foundation is relatively good.
In March 2021, the pilot work on the evaluation of ecological farms was launched. After the unit or expert recommendation application, formal review, preliminary evaluation of materials, and verification of subject credit information, 133 applicants were preliminarily selected from 319 applicants across the country.
After the formal review and the preliminary evaluation of the materials, from mid-August to late September, an on-site evaluation team of ecological farms was formed by members of the ecological farm expert evaluation committee and local experts, and successively reviewed a total of 133 enterprises in 17 provinces, 2 autonomous regions and 3 municipalities directly under the Central Government. Primary farms are selected for on-site review.
In accordance with the requirements of the review notice and the on-site review work manual, the review team will check the applicant's business license, land use right certificate and other important materials; conduct on-site inspections on important agricultural production, agricultural product processing, waste treatment, monitoring and testing and other places; listen to The person in charge of the farm reports, and puts forward opinions and suggestions to the farm based on the on-site inspection and report content; the applicant is scored by item, and an on-site review report is issued.
"We all sent review teams to the site for review of all participating units. Due to the requirements of the new crown pneumonia epidemic prevention and control, even if some review experts are unable to participate in the site review, they will conduct online synchronous review through video connection." Xu Zhiyu Say.
Qi Kai, general manager of Longze Yunong Organic Agriculture (Beijing) Co., Ltd., a member of China Quality Agricultural Products Development Service Association and the first batch of eco-farms to be appraised in the country, still remembers the on-site evaluation process at that time, because the meticulous and strict throughout the entire review. "Dozens of review experts arrived at 7:30 in the morning, and looked at every angle in the garden carefully, from the gate to each shed, to the staff area, a total of 261 acres, and they all looked carefully. Qi Kai said, "Experts need to understand your planting, how the farm works as a whole, whether the materials used, the environment, and the warehouse are consistent with the materials, the use and records of inputs, and the measures taken, etc., Technical applications such as bacterial fertilizer and soil improvement are all part of the inspection content. We will also check whether there are pollution sources around you and any light industries around you based on satellite images, and mark them all. Including waste disposal, experts will check the straw disposal in detail. , solid waste treatment, and the contract for supplies and recycling should also be checked one by one, and the requirements for recycling according to regulations are very strict.”
The other is to check whether the water resources and soil of the farm are healthy. "Most experts have been engaged in agriculture for many years, and some have decades of experience. They will take a serious look at your land, water sources, and waterlines. Control. Whether the land is healthy can be seen intuitively, straw coverage, vermicompost, including soil color, soil odor, they can distinguish based on their own experience, so they read the soil, and then see our soil organic matter The test report, we can judge that the soil of our farm is very healthy."
3 Explore sustainable paths for agricultural development
When the list of the first batch of 132 ecological farms in the country was released, Sun Fajun, deputy director of the Department of Science, Technology and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that the development of ecological circular agriculture can solve the problems of soil becoming "thin", "thin" and "hard". Guarantee the national food security and the effective supply of important agricultural products; the agricultural industry can be optimized, increased, and refined to ensure both supply and ecology, both to eat well and to eat well, and to promote the cultivation of varieties, quality improvement, brand building and standardization The implementation of production measures will continuously improve the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of agriculture; it can give full play to its resource-saving and environment-friendly functions, reduce the use of chemical inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, and plastic films at the source, and efficiently recycle agricultural and rural waste at the end. , realize the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and accelerate the comprehensive green transformation and upgrading of agriculture.
Xu Zhiyu said that the construction of ecological farms is not the same as organic farms and green agriculture. "Ecological agriculture focuses on the process of agricultural production, whether it is friendly to the environment and whether it is sustainable. It emphasizes process orientation rather than product orientation."
For example, whether to protect resources in the process of agricultural production, whether to adopt clean production technology, whether the back-end agricultural waste treatment is ecological, and then pay attention to the biodiversity of the entire production unit, etc. Through ecological design, the entire farm can be agricultural production is in a state of ecological balance.
In the future, the evaluation of ecological farms will be carried out on a larger scale, and a batch of ecological farms will be announced every year. Based on these ecological farms that meet the standards, we can not only promote a number of ecological agricultural technology models, but also gradually build a set of ecological agricultural monitoring systems to sample and test the water environment, soil environment, and agricultural product quality of ecological farms. Comprehensive analysis of input-output benefits, sustainable development capabilities, and corporate social responsibility performance, etc., strengthen the tracking and evaluation of ecological farms, and master these dynamic data, ecological farms across the country can build a communication platform, and competent departments and technical departments can provide ecological farms. Provide more technical services and technical exchanges, and then gradually link financial service institutions to provide financial support for the development of ecological farms. Moreover, the evaluation of ecological farms can also solve the problem of agricultural ecological compensation. First of all, a principle of priority compensation can be determined, and the main body that meets the relevant standards can give priority to ecological compensation, and after the main body is clear, it can also refer to the European ecological compensation mechanism for farms to implement standard operation. According to a set of strict standard requirements, the compensation links, compensation standards, etc. are clearly defined. Different standard items correspond to different compensation standards, which is clear at a glance.
Xu Zhiyu emphasized that the construction of ecological farms is different from organic farms in Western countries. What we seek is not "high-end", "niche" or serving the wealthy people, but to explore and demonstrate for large-scale agriculture. "Our starting point is to demonstrate the ecological development of large-scale agriculture. Like our food production, after standing on the platform of 1.3 trillion kilograms, how should we take the road of sustainable development in the future? How to deal with the environment, resources, Matching ecological development and achieving the 'two-carbon' goal are important topics we hope to explore through the construction of ecological farms."
According to the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of Ecological Farms" issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in the future, it is necessary to promote the establishment of a coordinated promotion mechanism for ecological farms with government guidance, market leadership, and social participation, and promote the implementation of supporting policies such as financial support, financial services, and ecological compensation in ecological farms. landing. He also emphasized that it is necessary to strengthen the joint research on ecological agriculture technology, relying on the supporting forces such as the modern agricultural industry technology system and the scientific and technological innovation alliance, to make breakthroughs in key core technologies and important facilities and equipment; strengthen the integration and promotion of ecological agriculture technology, and promote individual technologies, products and equipment. Integrated supporting maturation, forming a batch of full-chain comprehensive solutions suitable for different regions and different fields. Ecological farms should build a quality traceability system, establish a ledger, and truthfully record the whole process of production and operation, as an important basis for the application of ecological agricultural technology and the evaluation of the implementation effect.
At the same time, increasing typical propaganda, telling the story of ecological farms, and widely publicizing the important role of ecological farms in agricultural green development, rural ecological revitalization, agricultural and rural emission reduction and carbon sequestration, and creating a good atmosphere for ecological farm construction will also become An essential priority.
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