In the air, plant protection drones fly and circle; in the field, planters equipped with the Beidou system drive in an orderly manner; in the pond, "Black Liqiao" turns into "chip fish", sweeping the mobile phone, every fish can be traced back to the source. In rural areas, more and more villages are using "digital brains" - online remote real-time monitoring of rural dwellings, garbage transfer stations, large-scale farms, etc., straw burning, urban and rural public space governance and other rural living environment governance Puzzles are gradually solved...
Agricultural autonomous vehicle sprays vegetable fields
According to the "2021 China Agricultural Production Digitalization Research Report", the current application of digital technology in China's agricultural production is in the process of transitioning from the application period to the development period. 5S technologies such as remote sensing technology, geographic information system and global positioning system are used in agriculture. The application is relatively mature. Big data and cloud computing are widely used and are in a period of rapid development; AI and the Internet of Things have entered the agricultural field and are gradually being applied in agricultural production. At present, the application of digital technology in production has achieved big data production monitoring, drone plant protection, refined farming, and yield forecasting.
With the application of new digital technologies such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence in the entire agricultural industry chain, the level of agricultural mechanization and production efficiency have been continuously improved, and a new round of agricultural revolution centered on smart agriculture is in full swing. Although there are still obstacles in the development of smart agriculture, the future of agriculture is still full of imagination.
State policy accelerate the development of smart agriculture
China's 1.4 billion people consume 700,000 tons of grain, 98,000 tons of oil, 1.92 million tons of vegetables and 230,000 tons of meat every day. Using 7% of the arable land to feed 20% of the population and allow 1.4 billion Chinese people to have meals to order, how can China have such confidence and strength? The contribution of technology is indisputable.
At the National Two Sessions that ended earlier this month, as part of the national strategic security, the issue of food security attracted much attention. In the context of the current tense international situation and severe epidemic prevention situation, in order to meet such a huge demand and stabilize food security, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Tang Renjian said that food must be stored in the land and technology. To stabilize the fundamentals of agriculture, in addition to maintaining 1.8 billion mu of arable land, the use of digital technology to improve agricultural production efficiency is a key part.
In recent years, China has basically formed a complete policy system in the field of smart agriculture, from central top-level design to local implementation, from infrastructure construction to technology promotion and application, and social services.
In 2005, the "No. 1 Document" of the central government first proposed to "accelerate the construction of agricultural informatization", and the "No. 1 Document" in the following years has also mentioned it. The No. 1 Central Document in 2022 pointed out that it is necessary to vigorously promote the construction of digital villages, promote the development of smart agriculture, and promote the integrated application of information technology and agricultural machinery and agronomy. The outline of the "14th Five-Year Plan" mentioned that it is necessary to accelerate the development of smart agriculture and promote the digital transformation of agricultural production, operation and management services. The 2022 government work report will write "developing digital villages" for the first time as an important way to realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.
As the starting point of rural revitalization, the encouragement and benefits at the macro level have driven a large number of technology companies to join in smart agriculture, and they are constantly innovating in every link from production to sales. More and more technology start-ups are pouring into the agricultural big data market and are favored by capital. In February 2022, the IPO of Huitongda Network, an Internet platform for rural industries, received an investment of HK$2.2 billion. In March 2021, Jifei Technology, which is committed to building an unmanned farm, received 300 million yuan in financing.
With the application of cloud computing, big data, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence in agricultural production and operation management, the level of digitalization of agricultural production has been continuously improved, and information technology is fully empowering agricultural sub-sectors. Open sharing of planting data, online guidance of breeding technology, online connection between production and sales, digitalization of agricultural machinery operations... The new generation of information technology is fully integrated and applied in planting, animal husbandry, fishery, seed industry, agricultural machinery and equipment, and agricultural reclamation. It has extended its tentacles to the whole chain of agricultural production and sales.
The agricultural industry chain is essentially "production" and "sales". The R&D and production end includes seed companies, pesticide companies, equipment companies, R&D institutions, etc., which sell raw materials and tools to growers. After purchasing these raw materials, farmers at the planting and production end start to grow and produce agricultural products, and then sell them to wholesalers, and then reach the terminal market through transportation and logistics.
In the entire agricultural production and marketing chain, a number of venture capital directions have been launched. Agricultural SaaS, agricultural big data and artificial intelligence, plant protection drones or planting unmanned equipment are all improving the ability of "production", reducing labor costs, and improving output and quality. Rural logistics, agricultural product distribution, and agricultural e-commerce are more about solving the problem of "sales", reducing inventory turnover, and matching supply and demand as efficiently as possible.
More and more agricultural technology companies are bringing technologies such as drones, robots, autonomous driving, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things into the pre-, mid- and post-production links of agricultural production. Efficient 4.0 era.
In the definition of Professor Li Daoliang of China Agricultural University, Agriculture 4.0 refers to intelligent agriculture, which uses a variety of equipment to obtain corresponding data, realizes digital and intelligent production, connects the data obtained by various equipment, integrates resources, and realizes unmanned operation. production.
In fact, the essence of smart agriculture is to use "data + algorithm" to accelerate the intelligent production, network collaboration, and service extension of agriculture, thereby achieving efficiency improvement and cost savings. This will gradually change the characteristics of traditional agricultural heavy chemical fertilizers and pesticides and decentralized small farmers, promote green production in the agricultural industry, and provide a feasible development path to intelligently address the structural challenges of the labor force.
Unmanned spring ploughing takes shape
When entering the second month of the lunar calendar, a picture scroll of spring farming from south to north is already slowly unfolding. Digital new agricultural tools such as seeders, rice transplanters, plant protection drones, and agricultural big data management platforms equipped with the Beidou system have contributed to the harvest of summer grains in rural areas.
01 Spring ploughing on the screen
It was the spring equinox, and the wheat seedlings in the farmland had already reached their ankles, and the spring ploughing in Jiangsu had started in an orderly manner. In Funing County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, agricultural managers used the digital agricultural comprehensive service platform to understand the development of spring ploughing in the whole region. The platform is built by Jagetiandi, which integrates information technologies such as remote sensing, GIS, Internet of Things, deep learning, and big data.
"In simple terms, remote sensing technology is to move the camera to the sky." Zhang Gong, CEO of Beijing Jiage Tiandi Technology Co., Ltd., said that the key nodes of agricultural production include spring sowing, seedling emergence, and initial growth. According to Zhang Gong, Jiager Tiandi has recently launched the "Spring Sowing and Steady Yield Big Data Decision Command Platform", which integrates satellite remote sensing, meteorological and other types of data, from the perspectives of spring sowing suitability assessment, meteorological risk warning, and crop growth monitoring. The production of oil crops provides data support and services to help ensure food security.
The picture shows the current crop growth situation in the main producing areas of winter rapeseed. The picture comes from Jiagertiandi's "spring planting and stable yield big data decision-making command platform"
It is understood that through the intelligent management and control of the platform, the agricultural production efficiency in Funing County has been greatly improved, and the agricultural economic benefit has increased to 1.74 billion yuan; by establishing an expert service system, Funing County can save 750 million yuan in annual expert costs and 1.35 billion in labor costs. Yuan. In addition, through the implementation of digital production methods, inputs such as chemical fertilizers are reduced, and it is expected to save 80 cubic meters of water and 15 kilograms of fertilizer per mu per year compared to the average.
02 Unmanned aerial vehicle
At present, China's rural areas are facing a severe situation of aging population and labor shortage. According to statistics, there are still nearly 300 million agricultural production practitioners in China, but the ratio of the rural population is declining by about 1.5% every year, and the population is mostly composed of the elderly, children, and women. The gap will get bigger and bigger. And this dilemma of unmanned farming in the future is expected to be solved by unmanned agricultural machinery.
In Jiangsu, the number of drones for plant protection is the leading country in the country, and flying control has become a universal pest control method. The advantage of plant protection drones is that, compared with traditional manual spraying methods, drone plant protection can save growers from long-term exposure to sunlight and close contact with pesticides, reduce the risk of pesticide poisoning, and greatly improve spraying efficiency. . It is understood that an agricultural drone can operate up to 80 acres per hour, and can complete 640 acres of fields in 8 hours a day, which is 50-60 times the efficiency of labor.
According to the introduction of Jifei Technology, a benchmark enterprise in the field of plant protection drones, at present, Jifei has set up more than 2,300 RTK navigation base stations in China based on the Beidou satellite navigation system, covering more than 35,000 rural areas. In addition to agricultural drones, It has also laid out six major product lines including agricultural unmanned vehicles, remote sensing drones, agricultural machinery autopilots, agricultural Internet of Things and smart agricultural systems.
The past facility greenhouse technology has partially solved the problem of agriculture watching the sky and eating. Today's digital technology has increased the degree of agricultural mechanization again, making farmers more "lazy" and more diligent, and agricultural production is greener.
Relying on the precise variable spraying technology, Jifei has helped farmers reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers by 45,363 tons in the process of grain production, alleviating problems such as soil pollution and pesticide residues in agricultural products; at the same time, it has also saved 15.39 million tons of agricultural water, which means 200,000 tons Residents' annual water consumption is guaranteed. Not only that, by using electric smart agricultural equipment such as drones and unmanned vehicles to replace traditional fuel-fired agricultural machinery operations, Jifei Technology also helped reduce carbon emissions by 760,000 tons, equivalent to planting 10.32 million trees.
Agricultural Drone spraying pesticides at low altitude
However, it will take time to realize unmanned spring farming. Because for farmers, the rapid iteration of plant protection drones has brought a lot of pressure on technical learning and cost. This is also a common problem faced by other smart agricultural tools.
What's more, the whole process of mechanization of crop farming is a systematic project, including the selection of machinery and equipment, agronomic cooperation, land scale, management system, personnel training, technology promotion and other links, and many areas still need digital technology breakthroughs.
"The whole process of agricultural mechanization will be realized, and the unmanned spring ploughing will be realized gradually, but they all need a process of continuous accumulation and progress of technology." Researcher and Secretary-General of the Rice Professional Group, Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs In an interview with the media, Zhang Wenyi expressed his optimism about the development of technology.
Challenges and opportunities coexist
Even though there are a large number of smart agricultural machinery emerging, and science and technology companies are involved in every link from production to sales, because the overall digital development level of agriculture still lags behind that of industry and service industries, China's smart agriculture is still in its infancy and faces many challenges. obstacle.
The problem focuses on the fact that many business entities "do not want to use", "will not use", "don't dare to use" new smart agricultural tools, and some key technologies are "stuck in the neck".
The business entity does not want to use it. According to the "Research Report on the Development of Smart Agriculture in China", at present, "big country and small farmers" are still the national conditions. The number of small farmers in the country accounts for more than 98% of the main agricultural business entities, and the cultivated land area of small farmers accounts for 70% of the total cultivated land area. Small farmers have path dependence on traditional production methods, resulting in "do not want to use".
Some digital tools won't work or won't work. Taking plant protection drones as an example, the technology update speed is fast, the systems are incompatible, and it is difficult for the main body to learn. In addition, the digital foundation of many rural agricultural industries is weak, and there are major shortcomings in technology and skills, resulting in many rural areas that are not yet equipped to use high-tech.
Many digital tools have high use costs and high technical thresholds, resulting in "dare to use". The investment per mu of an automatic irrigation system for citrus in mountainous areas exceeds 10,000 yuan, and the cost of digital management and transformation of a vegetable greenhouse reaches tens of thousands of yuan. The input cost is high and the efficiency increase is limited, so that small farmers are not willing to accept it. . At present, smart agriculture is only used in some high-value cash crops, and only in some large-scale enterprises with strong economic strength.
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